HONORABILI ADMODUM
GULIELMO SCOTT,
EQUITI AURATO, &c. &c. &c.
VIRO OPTIMO ET LITERATISSIMO,
hunc
DECIMUM NONUM
NATURÆ VIVARII
FASCICULUM
d. d. d.
GEORGIUS SHAW,
E. NODDER.
to
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
SIR WILLIAM SCOTT,
A GENTLEMAN
of
DISTINGUISHED WORTH AND LITERATURE,
THIS NINETEENTH VOLUME
of the
NATURALIST’S MISCELLANY
is
RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED
by
GEORGE SHAW,
E. NODDER.
r
Rostrum cultratum, apice incurvato, basi pennis denudatum.
Lingua cartilaginea, bifida.
Pedes ambulatorii.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 159.
Coracias albo nigroque varia, rostro plumbeo.
Coracias varia. C. nigra, alis albo variegatis, dorso postico uropygio corporeque subtus albis, rectricibus lateralibus albo terminatis.
Lath. ind. orn. p. 173.
Rarissimam hanc avem primus descripsisse videtur Buffonus, qui natale solum ei statuit novam Guineam. Ostenditur in tabula minor longe magnitudine naturali, quæ nempe pedalis est, addita quasi uncia. Quinam sint mores, et cui vivendi modo præcipue assuescat avis, incompertum est.
Bill strait, bending a little towards the end; cultrated at the edges.
Nostrils narrow, naked.
Legs generally short: toes divided to their origin; three forwards and one backwards.
Black-and-White Roller, with lead-coloured beak.
Cassican de la nouvelle Guinée.
Buff. ois. 7. p. 137.
Pl. Enl. 628.
Pied Roller.
Lath. Syn. 1. p. 415.
This very rare bird is, according to Buffon, by whom it appears to have been first described, a native of New Guinea. The plate represents it much reduced in size, its total length being about thirteen inches. Nothing particular seems to be known relative to its manners or history.
Maxillæ osseæ.
Corpus ovatum, postice truncatum, caput piscis simulans.
Cephalus brevis. C. corpore suborbiculato.
Tetrodon Mola. T. lævis compressus, cauda truncata, pinna brevissima, dorsali analique annexa.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Diodon Mola. D. corpore lato, cauda truncata.
Bloch ichth. 4. t. 128.
Pisci huic insolita facie, quem ad genus Tetrodontis retulerat Linnæus, Blochiusque ad Diodontis, in opere nostro zoologico institutum est novum genus quod dicitur Cephalus. Maria incolit Europæa, corpore insignis paululum a capite protenso, et quasi derepente abrupto; adeo ut piscis cujuspiam magni truncatum caput, magis quam animal absolutum et perfectum putes. In magnam crescere solet molem, diciturque in maribus nonnullis septentrionalibus in longitudinem extendi octopedalem, vel etiam decempedalem; et pondere æquare quingentas libras. Color plerumque fuscus, abdomine et lateribus argentatis. Comedere dicitur præcipue conchylia, et noctu lucem spargere splendide phosphoream.
Jaws bony.
Body terminating abruptly, so as to resemble the head of a fish.
Sun-Fish with suborbicular body.
Gen. Zool. 5. p. 437.
Sun-Fish.
Will. ichth. p. 151.
Short Diodon.
Penn. Brit. Zool.
This highly singular fish, which by Linnæus was considered as a species of Tetrodon, and by Dr. Bloch as a species of Diodon, was by myself stationed, in the work entitled General Zoology, under a new genus named Cephalus. It is a native of the European seas, and is remarkable for the very abrupt shape of its body, which terminating suddenly, at no great distance from the head, gives it rather the appearance of the truncated head of some large fish, than of an animal in its complete state. This fish grows to a very great size, and in some parts of the northern seas is said to have been sometimes seen of the length of eight or ten feet, and of the weight of five hundred pounds. Its general colour is brown, with a silvery cast on the sides and abdomen. It is supposed to feed principally on shell-fish, and is said to exhibit during the night a high degree of phosphoric splendor.
Antennæ apicem versus crassiores, sæpius clavato-capitatæ.
Alæ (sedentis) erectæ sursumque conniventes. (Volatu diurno).
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 744.
Papilio Adippe. P. alis dentatis luteis nigro maculatis, subtus maculis 23? argenteis.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 780.
Nymph. phaler.
Papilio Adippe.
Fuessly Arch. ins. p. 1. pl. 1.
Inter insecta Britannica rariora numeratur Papilio Adippe, cujus larva violarum folia præcipue depascitur, et in chrysalidem mense Maio convertitur, e qua mense Junio erumpit papilio.
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Antennæ thickening towards the end, and commonly terminating in a club-shaped tip.
Wings (when at rest) meeting upwards. (Flight diurnal).
Butterfly with denticulated luteous wings spotted with black, and marked beneath by twenty-three? silvery spots.
Moyen Papillon nacré.
Degeer. ins. 2. p. 193. pl. 1. f. 8. 9.
High brown Fritillary?
Harris Cat. Engl.
The Papilio Adippe is numbered among the rarer British insects: the caterpillar, which feeds principally on the leaves of violets, changes to a chrysalis in the month of May, and gives birth to the complete insect in June.
Caput inflexum, maxillosum, palpis instructum.
Antennæ setaceæ seu filiformes.
Alæ quatuor, deflexæ, convolutæ: inferiores plicatæ.
Pedes postici saltatorii: ungues ubique bini.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 692.
Gryllus capite conico, antennis ensiformibus, corpore viridi.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 692.
Mantis Africana.
Mouff. ins. p. 119.
Roes. ins. 2. t.
In variis Africæ regionibus generatur Gryllus nasutus, cujus veram magnitudinem cernere est in tabula.
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Head inflected, armed with jaws, and furnished with feelers.
Antennæ (in most species) setaceous or filiform.
Wings four, deflected and convoluted; the lower ones pleated.
Hind-Legs formed for leaping: claws on all the feet double.
Green Locust, with conical head, and sword-shaped antennæ.
Long-headed African Locust.
The Gryllus nasutus or Long-fronted Locust, is a native of various parts of Africa, and is represented on the plate in its natural size.
Rostrum rectum, versus apicem descendens.
Nares oblongæ, membrana molli tumida semitectæ.
Lingua integra.
Columba viridi-olivacea, alis nigris, fascia duplici flava.
Columba aromatica. C. viridi-olivacea, dorso castaneo, fascia alarum duplici flavicante et nigra, remigibus nigris, margine flavis.
Lath. ind. orn. p. 599.
In insulis Moluccis præcipue conspicitur Columba aromatica, minor paulo columba communi seu domestica. Insignitur avis alis nigrantibus, marginatis fascia duplici splendide flava alarum tectricibus tam minoribus quam majoribus.
C2
Bill strait, descending towards the tip.
Nostrils oblong, half covered by a soft tumid membrane.
Tongue entire.
Olive-green Pigeon, with black wings marked by a double yellow bar.
Pigeon vert d’Amboine.
Buff. ois. 2. p. 528.
Pl. Enl. 163.
Aromatic Pigeon.
Lath. syn. 2. p. 631.
The aromatic or Amboina Pigeon is found principally in the Molucca islands, and is of somewhat smaller size than the common or domestic pigeon. It is remarkable for the unusual colour of its wings, which are black, ornamented by a double bar of bright yellow; the smaller and larger coverts being tipped with that colour.
Dentes robusti, subacuti: molares interdum conferti, convexi: labia crassa, duplicata: pinnæ dorsalis radii, in certis speciebus, ramento elongati.
Opercula mutica, squamosa.
Labrus ruber, squamis magnis, maculis tribus nigris ad finem dorsi.
Labrus trimaculatus. L. ruber, maculis duabus utrinque ad basin pinnæ dorsalis, tertiaque inter hanc et caudam.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 1294.
Labrus carneus. L. maculis tribus nigris in parte posteriore dorsi.
Bloch ichth. 9. t. 289.
Labrum trimaculatum marium Europæorum incolam, in litoribus etiam nostratibus interdum conspectum, depinxit Pennantus in opere suo zoologico Britannico. Crescit, ut plurimum, in longitudinem duodecim seu quindecim unciarum. Variat color, plus nempe seu minus saturatus; quod accidere solet et cæteris contribulibus.
r
Teeth strong and subacute: the grinders sometimes convex and crowded: lips thick and doubled: rays of the dorsal fin, in some species, elongated into soft processes.
Gill-Covers unarmed and scaly.
Red Labrus, with large scales, and three black spots towards the end of the back.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 502.
Trimaculated Wrasse.
Penn. Brit. Zool. 3. p. 218.
Der rothe Lippfisch.
Bloch ichth. pl. 289.
This species, which is a native of the European seas, is occasionally observed about our own coasts, and is described by Mr. Pennant in the British Zoology. Its general length is about twelve or fifteen inches, and, like most others of its tribe, it is subject to considerable variation as to the intensity of its colour.
Antennæ apicem versus crassiores, sæpius clavato-capitatæ.
Alæ (sedentis) erectæ sursumque conniventes, (volatu diurno.)
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 744.
Papilio alis dentatis nigris cæruleo nebulosis, primoribus fascia utrinque alba, posticis (subtus) rubro radiatis.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 779.
Nymph: phaler:
Mer. Surin. t. 7.
Roes. 4. t. 10. f. 1. 2.
Insolitæ pulchritudinis Papilio in tabula depingitur, Americæ australis præcipue Surinamiæ incola. Extat eleganter depictus in splendido opere Dominæ Merian de insectis Surinamensibus, quæ narrat larvam folia depasci Plumeriæ rubræ, et in chrysalidem mense junio converti, unde Julio insequente erumpit papilio.
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Antennæ thickening towards the end, and commonly terminating in a clavated tip.
Wings (when at rest) meeting upwards.
Flight diurnal.
Butterfly with dentated black wings clouded with blue; the upper pair marked on both sides by a white band; the lower pair radiated beneath with red.
Aubent. Pl. Enl. 92. f. 7. 8.
Mer. ins. Surin. pl. 7.
Cramer ins. 5. pl. 54. E. F.
The highly elegant insect represented on the present plate is a native of South America, and more particularly of Surinam, where its caterpillar, according to Madam Merian, who has figured it in her splendid work on the insects of that country, feeds on the leaves of the Plumeria rubra, and changes into a chrysalis in the month of June, from which in the month of July emerges the complete insect.
Caput inflexum, maxillosum, palpis instructum.
Antennæ setaceæ seu filiformes.
Alæ quatuor, deflexæ, convolutæ: inferiores plicatæ.
Pedes postici saltatorii: ungues ubique bini.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 692.
Gryllus thorace utrinque articulis tribus trispinosis, elytris viridibus, alis rubris, omnibus nigro punctatis.
Gryllus squarrosus. G. viridis, thorace subarticulato, articulis utrinque tricuspidibus, alis rubris nigro punctatis.
Lin. Mantiss. 553.
Gryllus squarrosus.
Fabr. sp. ins. 1. p. 364.
Drury exot. ins. 1. pl. 49. f. 1.
Varias Africæ regiones incolit Gryllus squarrosus, a Domino Drury in elegantissimo suo opere de insectis exoticis primum descriptus. Tabula insectum magnitudine vera exprimit.
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Head inflected, armed with jaws, and furnished with feelers.
Antennæ, in most species, setaceous or filiform.
Wings four, deflected and convoluted; the lower ones pleated.
Hind Legs formed for leaping: claws on all the feet double.
Locust with three triple-spined protuberances on each side the thorax; the elytra or upper-wings green, the lower red; all speckled with black.
The triple-spined African Locust.
The present species of Locust, which is represented on the plate in its natural size, is a native of several parts of Africa. It seems to have been first described in the elegant work of Mr. Drury on exotic insects.
Rostrum aduncum; mandibula superiore mobili, cera instructa.
Nares in rostri basi.
Lingua carnosa, obtusa, integra.
Pedes scansorii.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 139.
Psittacus nigricans, subtus purpurascens, remigibus caudaque cæruleis, rectricibus subtus semi-rubris.
Psittacus purpureus. P. atro-fuscus, subtus purpureus, vertice genisque nigris, torque ferrugineo, maculis nigricantibus.
Lath. ind. orn.
Americam Australem, præcipue autem Surinamiam incolit Psittacus purpureus, magnitudine circiter Columba vulgaris seu domestica. Coloribus interdum leviter variat.
D2
Bill hooked: upper mandible moveable, and furnished with a cere.
Nostrils in the base of the bill.
Tongue fleshy, obtuse, generally entire.
Feet scansorial.
Blackish Parrot, purplish beneath, with the wings and tail blue; the latter half-red beneath.
Little dusky Parrot.
Edw. p. 315.
Lath. ind. orn.
Papegai violet.
Buff. ois. 6. p. 244.
Perroquet varié de Cayenne.
Pl. Enl. 408.
This species is a native of South America, and particularly of Surinam: its general size is that of a common domestic pigeon. In its colours it sometimes varies a little.
Rostrum cylindricum, apice maxillosum.
Corpus elongatum.
Membr: branch: radiis septem.
Fistularia squamosa rufescens, nigro maculata, cauda rotundata mutica.
Gen. Zool. 5. p. 97.
Fistularia Chinensis. F. cauda rotundata.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 515.
Fistularia edentata, cauda rotundata.
Bloch. ichth. t. 388.
In maribus Indicis præcipue conspicitur Fistularia Chinensis, in longitudinem tripedalem vel quadripedalem crescens, et vermibus insectisque marinis variis victitans.
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Snout cylindric: mouth terminal.
Body lengthened.
Gill-Membrane seven-rayed.
Scaly, rufescent Fistularia, with black spots and simple, rounded tail.
Gen. Zool. 5. p. 97.
The Chinese Trumpet-Fish.
This remarkable fish is principally seen in the Indian seas, where it grows to the length of three or four feet, and feeds on various kinds of marine worms and insects.
Antennæ apicem versus crassiores, sæpius clavato-capitatæ.
Alæ (sedentis) erectæ sursumque conniventes, (volatu diurno.)
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 744.
Papilio Cassiæ. P. alis integerrimis fuscis; primoribus posticarumque margine fascia ferruginea, omnibus subtus ocellatis.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 767.
Dan: Festiv:
Mer. Surin. t. 32.
Surinamiam incolit hic Papilio, ubi larva ejus varias Cassiæ species depascitur, et in chrysalidem mense Maio convertitur, e qua mense Junio erumpit insectum plene formatum.
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Antennæ generally thickening towards the extremities, and terminating in a clavated tip.
Wings (when sitting) erect, and meeting upwards. Flight diurnal.
Butterfly with entire, brown wings; the upper pair and the margin of the lower marked by a ferruginous band, and all marked beneath by eye-shaped spots.
Clerk. ic. ins. t. 29. f. 3.
Cramer ins. 9. pl. 106. A.
This species is a native of Surinam, where its caterpillar feeds on various species of Cassia. It changes to a chrysalis in the month of May, from which in June proceeds the complete insect.
Corpus repens oblongum, squamis tectum; pedibus utrinque setosis.
Os terminale, cylindricum.
Tentacula duo setacea annulata.
Oculi quatuor.
Lin. Syst. Nat. Gmel.
Aphrodita cirrhosa. A. lineari-attenuata, pedunculis compressis apice bipartitis, squamis vesiculosis.
Lin. Syst. Nat. Gmel.
Aphrodita cirrhosa.
Pall. Misc. Zool. p. 95. t. 8. f. 3.-6.
Hanc speciem ita describit celeberrimus Pallas, in opere cui titulus Miscellanea Zoologica.
“Corpus tenerrimum, longiusculum, lineari-adtenuatum, ex tereti depressiusculum adeoque ad Nereides figura accedens. Pedunculi utrinque triginta-quinque, productiores, compressi, apice bipartiti, portione superiore minore, utraque penicillo ex pilis fulvescentibus, in superiori longioribus, in inferiore numerosioribus barbata. Squamæ in dorso undecim parium, subrotundæ, areola in anteriore disci parte, supra pedunculos adnatæ margine postico scabriusculæ, fuscoque denticulatæ, in specimine quod descripsi, omnes in vesiculas inflatæ. Cuticula albida atque irridescens huic speciei, teneriorque est quam ulli congenerum.”
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Body repent, oblong, in most species covered with scales, and furnished on each side with bristle-shaped feet.
Mouth terminal, cylindric.
Feelers two, setaceous, annulated.
Eyes four.
Pale, linear Aphrodita, with eleven pair of large rounded, vesicular scales along the back, and compressed feet divided at the tip.
Large-Scaled Aphrodita.
This species is described in the work of Dr. Pallas, entitled Miscellanea Zoologica. The body, says Dr. Pallas, is very tender, lengthened, linear-attenuated, flattish-rounded, and consequently approaching to the form of the genus Nereis. On each side are thirty-five lengthened, compressed feet, divided at the tip, the superior portion smaller, and each bearded by a pencil of subfulvous hairs, longer on the upper portion, but more numerous on the lower. On the back are eleven pair of scales, which are roundish, situated above the feet, rather rough on their hinder margin, and marked with fuscous denticulations. In the specimen described all the scales were inflated into vesicles. The skin in this species is whitish and iridescent, and more tender than in any of its congeners.
Rostrum trigonum, crassum, rectum, longum.
Lingua carnosa, brevissima, plana, acuta.
Pedes gressorii plerisque.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 178.
Alcedo viridi-cærulea, alis caudaque nigro-cæruleis, capite corporeque subtus stramineis, rostro rubro.
Alcedo leucocephala. A. ex cæruleo viridis, capite collo et subtus alba, remigibus fuscis.
Lin. Syst. Nat. Gmel.
Insulam Javam incolit formosa hac avis, magnitudine fere duplo major Alcedine Ispida sive Europæa.
E2
Bill trigonal, thick, strait, long.
Tongue fleshy, very short, flat, sharp-pointed.
Feet gressorial.
Blue-green Kingfisher, with blackish-blue wings and tail; the head and under parts straw-coloured.
Martin-Pêcheur de Java.
Pl. Enl. 757.
White-Headed Kingfisher.
Lath. Syn. p. 617.
This beautiful species is a native of the island of Java, and is nearly twice the size of the common European Kingfisher.
Maxillæ osseæ, medio divisæ, margine crenatæ, dentibus connato-conglomeratis.
Scarus viridis, subtus flavescens, squamis permagnis, linea laterali ramosa, cauda sublunata.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 393.
Scarus pinna dorsi inermi.
Bloch. ichth. 7. p. 15. pl. 220.
In maribus Europæis atque Indicis conspicitur hic piscis in pedalem crescens longitudinem.
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Jaws long, divided in the middle, crenated on the edge; the teeth connate and conglomerate.
Green Scarus, yellowish beneath, with very large scales, ramified lateral line, and sublunated tail.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 393.
Der Griechische Papageyfisch.
Bloch. ichth. 7. pl. 220.
The Cretan Scarus grows to the length of about twelve inches, and is found both in the European and Indian seas.
Antennæ medio crassiores, seu utraque extremitate attenuate, subprismaticæ.
Alæ deflexæ (volatu graviore vespertino seu matutino).
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 796.
Sphinx alis integris griseo-olivaceis fusco nebulosis, primoribus puncto duplici ocellato nigro.
Sphinx Satellitia. S. alis griseo nebulosis, primoribus puncto nigro ocellari sesquialtero, posterioribus basi cinereis.
Lin. Syst. Nat. Gmel.
Sphinx Satellitia.
Fabr. sp. ins. 2. p. 148.
Drury ins. 1. t. 29. f. 1. 2.
Jamaicam incolit Sphinx Satellitia, magnitudine vera in tabula depicta.
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Antennæ subprismatic, thickest in the middle, and attenuated at each extremity.
Wings deflected. Flight generally matutine or vespertine.
Sphinx with entire olive-grey wings clouded with brown, the upper pair marked by a double ocellated black speck.
The Double-Pointed Hawk-Moth.
Double-Pointed Jamaica Sphinx.
This insect is a native of Jamaica, and is represented on the plate in its natural size.
Corpus contractile, testa tectum, ciliis rotatoriis.
Lin. Syst. Nat. Gmel.
Brachionus testa oblongo-quadrata, antice quadricorni, postice bicorni, capite tentaculis setaceis divergentibus.
Detectum est mense Julio in aqua stagnante insigne animalculum quod aucta admodum naturali magnitudine in tabula depingitur. Motu fertur celerrimo, testa obtectum pellucida, fronte in laminas duas divisa, angulis spina incurva terminatis. Instruitur caput fasciculis pluribus vibrissarum seu setarum divergentium, quæ tamen, non nisi movente se animalculo, visibiles sunt. Cor, prope partem superiorem situm, cordique simillimum Vorticellæ quæ rotatoria dicitur, pulsu protruditur evidenti et celerrimo. Cætera viscera, non sigillatim cernenda, fusco-flavescunt.
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Body contractile, inclosed in a shell, and furnished at the head with rotatory organs.
Brachionus with oblong-square shell with four spines in front, two behind, and head furnished with divergent setaceous tentacula.
The remarkable animalcule exhibited in a highly magnified state on the present plate, was discovered in stagnant water in the month of July. It is an animal of very swift motion, and appears covered with a transparent shell of an oblong square shape, divided into two laminæ in front, and terminated at each extremity by a curved spine. The head or upper part is furnished with several groupes or fasciculi of divergent vibrissæ or strait setaceous fibres, which are only apparent while the animal is in motion. The heart, which is situated near the upper part, is very apparent, exerts a very quick pulsation, and much resembles that of the Vorticella rotatoria or Wheel-Animal in shape. The other viscera are not separately distinguishable, and are of a yellowish-brown colour.
Rostrum arcuatam, tenue, acutum.
Lingua variis varia.
Pedes ambulatorii.
Cauda pennis duodecim.
Lath. ind. orn.
Certhia gutturalis. Certhia fusca, fronte viridi, gutture purpureo.
Certhia gutturalis. C. nigricans, gutture viridi-nitente, pectore purpureo.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 186.
L’Oiseau brun à bec de Grimpereau.
Buff. ois. 5. p. 525.
Brasiliam incolit Certhia gutturalis, et magnitudine vera in tabula depingitur.
F2
Bill bent, slender, sharp-pointed.
Tongue differing in different species.
Feet formed for walking.
Tail consisting of twelve feathers.
Brown Creeper, with green front, and purple throat.
The Purple-Throated Creeper.
Brasilian green-faced Creeper.
Grimpereau du Bresil.
Pl. Enl. 578. f. 3.
The species here represented is a native of Brasil, and is figured in its natural size.
Stirps tubulosa, simplex vel ramosa, basi affixa.
Animal terminale, capite tentaculis cristato.
Tubularia culmis ramosis, geniculis contortis.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 1302.
Corallina tubularia gracilis et ramosa, axillis ramulorum contortis.
Ellis Corall. p. 31. t. A. a.
In litoribus Europæis non raro reperitur hoc zoophyton, carens quidem magnitudine, non tamen elegantia. Adhæret conchis, rupibus, aliisque marinis. Depingitur in tabula tam naturalis moles, quam modice aucta.
r
Stem tubular, simple or branched, fixed by the base.
Animal terminal; the head crested with tentacula.
Branched Tubularia, with the axillæ of the joints twisted.
Small ramified tubular Coralline.
Ellis Corall. p. 31. pl. 17.
This small but elegant zoophyte is a frequent inhabitant of the European coasts, adhering to rocks, shells, and various other marine substances. It is represented on the plate both in its natural size, and as it appears when moderately magnified.
Animal Limax.
Testa univalvis, spiralis, gibbosa.
Apertura ovata, desinens in canaliculum dextrum, cauda retusum.
Labium interius explanatum.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 1198.
Buccinum testa subulata lævi flava, maculis subquadratis duplicatis fuscis.
Buccinum subulatum. B. testa turrita subulata lævi indivisa integerrima.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Rumph. mus. t. 30. f. B.
Bonann. recr. t. 118.
In maribus Indicis invenitur Buccinum subulatum cujus veram magnitudinem cernere est in tabula.
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Animal allied to a slug.
Shell univalve, spiral, gibbous.
Aperture ovate, ending in a channel pointing towards the right.
Interior Lip expanded.
Buccinum with smooth yellow subulate shell, marked by a double row of squarish brown spots.
Smooth double-spotted Buccinum.
Yellow screw Buccinum.
This shell is an inhabitant of the Indian seas, and is represented on the plate in its natural size.
Caput parvum. Os exiguum: Dentes conferti, flexiles, setacei.
Membr. branch. radiis tribus ad sex.
Corpus latum, compressum, pluribus fasciatum; pinna dorsi anique basi crassa, carnosa, squamosa.
Chætodon albus, corpore elevato-orbiculari, pinna dorsali analique magnis falcatis longissimis.
Chætodon Teira. C. fasciis tribus nigris, pinna dorsali analique longissimis.
Bloch. ichth. t. 199. f. 1.
Piscibus quos amplectitur genus Chætodon peculiaris quædam sæpius est conformatio: qua tamen in re pauci insigniores illo de quo jam agitur, in maribus Indicis generato; cujus moles interdum ampla esse dicitur, licet parva, ut plurimum, sint specimina quæ videre est in museis Europæis.
r
Head small. Mouth small: Teeth close-set, flexile, setaceous.
Gill-Membrane three, four, five, or six-rayed.
Body broad, compressed, and generally fasciated: dorsal and anal fin thick, fleshy and scaly at the base.
White Chætodon with high-orbicular body, and large, extremely long, falcated dorsal and anal fin.
Long-Finned Chætodon.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 345.
Many fishes of the genus Chætodon are remarkable for the singularity of their shape: few however will be found to exceed in this particular the species here represented, which is an inhabitant of the Indian seas, and is said to arrive at a considerable size, though the specimens usually seen in Museums are but small.
Rostrum aduncum, absque cera.
Nares oblongæ, pennis setaceis recumbentibus obtectæ.
Caput grande, auribus oculisque magnis.
Lingua bifida.
Digitus externus retro mobilis.
Strix alba, alis subferrugineis, facie nigra.
Strix personata.
Daudin orn. 1. p. 192.
Avem depinximus elegantem, Cayanæ in America australi incolam; quæque fortasse varietas esse possit Strigis perspicillatæ Lathami. In majoribus habetur sui generis, longa nempe quasi viginti uncias.
G2
Bill hooked, without cere.
Nostrils oblong, covered with recumbent setaceous feathers.
Head, eyes, and ears, large.
Tongue bifid.
Exterior toe moveable backward.
White Owl, with subferruginous wings and black face.
La Chouette masquée.
Levaill. ois. pl. 44.
The elegant bird here represented is a native of Cayenne in South America, and is perhaps no other than a variety of the Strix perspicillata or Spectacle Owl of Mr. Latham. It is one of the larger birds of the genus, measuring about twenty inches in length.
Dentes parvi, plerisque lobati.
Cauda utrinque aculeata.
Acanthurus luteus corpore postice striis transversis fuscis.
Acanthurus Chirurgus.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 379.
Chætodon Chirurgus.
Bloch. ichth. t. 208.
In opere hoc nostro non ita pridem exposuimus qua de causa certas Linnæani generis Chætodontis species, mutato nomine, Acanthuros nuncupavimus. Acanthuri species quæ in tabula ostenditur in maribus nutritur Americanis, raro longior octo seu decem unciis.
r
Teeth small, in most species lobated.
Tail aculeated on each side.
Orange-yellow Acanthurus, with the body crossed on the hind-part by transverse brown stripes.
Lancet Acanthurus.
General Zoology, vol. 4. p. 379.
The reason for placing certain species of the Linnæan genus Chætodon under a separate genus entitled Acanthurus, has been already explained in the present work. The species of Acanthurus represented on the annexed plate is a native of the American seas, where it is rarely observed to measure more than eight or ten inches in length.
Antennæ subprismaticæ, utroque fine attenuatæ.
Lingua exserta (plerisque).
Palpi duo reflexi.
Alæ deflexæ.
Sphinx alis dentatis griseo-gilvis reversis, posticis basi ferrugineis.
Sphinx Populi. S. alis dentatis reversis, posticis basi ferrugineis, anticis puncto albo.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Sepp ins. 3. p. 3. pl. 1.
Merian Ins. Europ. pl. 37.
Folia populi salicisque depascitur larva Sphingis hujus Britannicæ. In chrysalidem mense Augusto convertitur, e qua Maio vel Junio insequente erumpit ipsa Sphinx.
r
Antennæ subprismatic, attenuated at each extremity.
Tongue generally exserted.
Feelers two, reflex.
Wings deflected.
Sphinx with dentated, buff-grey, reversed wings; the lower pair ferruginous at the base.
The Poplar Hawk-Moth.
Degeer ins. 1. pl. 8. f. 5.
Roes. ins. 3. pl. 30.
The Caterpillar of this species, which is a native of our own country, feeds on the leaves of the willow and poplar, changing to a chrysalis in the month of August, out of which in May or June following, emerges the complete Sphinx.
Antennæ apicem versus crassiores, sæpius clavato-capitatæ.
Alæ (sedentis) erectæ sursumque conniventes. (Volatu diurno).
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 744.
Papilio alis dentatis nigro æneis, posticis subtus lunulis rubris cyaneis flavisque.
Fab. spec. ins. 2. p. 8.
Pap. Androgeus?
Cramer ins. 2. t. 16. f. C. D.
Pap. Polydamas?
Lin. Syst. Nat. 747.
Pap. Peranthus?
Cram. t. 204. A. B.
In America australi, præcipue in Surinamia, conspicitur Papilio Androgeus, cujus larva hibiscorum folia depascitur. In tabula nostra magnitudine vera una cum larva pupaque ostenditur.
r
Antennæ commonly thickening towards the end into a clavated tip.
Wings (when at rest) meeting upwards. Flight diurnal.
Butterfly with blackish-green brassy wings, the lower pair marked beneath by a verge of red, blue, and yellow crescents.
Mer. Sur. pl. 31.
Kleeman ins. pl. 8.
The present species is a native of South America, and particularly of Surinam, where its caterpillar feeds on the leaves of the genus Hibiscus. The plate represents it in its different states and in its natural size.
Rostrum subulatum, angulatum, depressum, obtusiusculum: mandibula superiore integerrima, marginibus patentiusculis.
Nares supra marginatæ.
Lingua emarginata, acuta.
Lath. ind. orn.
Sturnus griseo-rufescens, subtus subroseus, vertice cristato remigibusque primoribus nigris.
Turdus Pagodarum?
Lath. ind. orn.
Le Martin brame.
Levaill. ois. t. 95.
Testatur Levaillant, hujus avis descriptor, Sturnis subroseis abundare multas Indicas et Africanas regiones; seque ipsum eos conspexisse gregatim collectos. Si habitum generalem spectes, simillima est Turdo roseo, nisi quod colores sint obscuriores. Ipsissima est magnitudine qua Sturnus vulgaris; quem inter et hanc avem propinquam esse cognationem suspicatur Levaillant.
H2
Bill subulate, angular, depressed, somewhat obtuse; the upper mandible entire.
Nostrils marginated above.
Tongue emarginate, sharp-pointed.
Rufescent-grey Stare, subrosaceous beneath, with black crested crown and black primary wing-feathers.
Le Martin brame.
Levaill. ois. pl. 95.
This bird, according to its describer Levaillant, is very common in many parts of India as well as of Africa, where considerable flights were observed by himself. In its general appearance it seems considerably allied to the Turdus roseus, or Rose-coloured Ouzel, but is of less vivid colours. Mons. Levaillant seems to consider it as approaching very nearly to the Starling tribe, and in size it is exactly equal to the common Starling.
Antennæ apicem versus crassiores, sæpius clavato-capitatæ.
Alæ (sedentis) erectæ sursumque conniventes (volatu diurno).
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Papilio alis denticulatis cæruleis, subtus fuscis, inferioribus macula marginali flava.
Mer. Sur. t. 33.
Eruca papilionis in tabula depicti, quam edacissimam esse asserit Domina Merian, folia depascitur arboris quæ Spondias lutea dicitur. In chrysalidem convertitur ineunte mense Aprili, quo fere exacto, erumpit insectum plene formatum. In Surinamia generatur Papilio Spondiæ; cujus vera magnitudo una cum eruca et chrysalide in tabula ostenditur.
r
Antennæ thickening towards the end, ending in a clavated tip.
Wings (when sitting), erect and meeting upward; flight diurnal.
Blue Butterfly, with denticulated wings, brown beneath, with a yellow marginal spot on the lower pair.
Mer. Sur. pl. 13.
The caterpillar of the Butterfly here represented, and which, according to Madam Merian, is of a very voracious nature, feeds on the leaves of the Spondias lutea, or American Plum; changing to chrysalis in the beginning of April, and producing the complete insect towards the end of the same month. The plate shews the animal in all its states, and in its natural size. It is a native of Surinam.
Dentes validi; Primores in aliis ordine simplici, in aliis duplici, triplici, vel quadruplici dispositi.
Molares (plerisque) validi, convexi, læves, in series dispositi, et quasi pavimentum in ore efformantes.
Labia crassa: Opercula mutica, squamosa.
Sparus flavus, pinnis virentibus, dorsali analique subfalcatis.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 409.
Sparus falcatus. S. spinis quatuor in pinna ani.
Bloch. t. 258.
Elegans hæc species maria incolit Americana, ad longitudinem pertingens plus bipedalem. Primus eam descripsisse et depinxisse videtur celeberrimus Plumierus.
r
Teeth strong: Front-teeth in some species disposed in a single row, in others in a double, treble, or quadruple row.
Grinders (in most species) convex, smooth, and disposed in ranges, forming a kind of pavement in the mouth.
Lips thick: Gill-covers unarmed, smooth, scaly.
Yellow Sparus with greenish fins; the dorsal and anal fin subfalcated.
Falcated Sparus.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 409.
This elegant species is a native of the American seas, where it arrives at the length of more than two feet. It seems to have been first described and figured by the celebrated Plumier.
Antennæ clavatæ capitulo fissili.
Tibiæ anticæ sæpius dentatæ.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Scarabæus scutellatus niger, thorace tricorni, intermedio emarginato, capitis cornu erecto recurvo bifido.
Scarabæus Typhon.
Olivier coleopt. Scarab. p. 12. pl. 16. f. 152.
Indiam incolit Scarabæus Typhon, magnitudine vera in tabula depictus.
r
Antennæ clavated with a fissile or laminated tip.
Middle joints of the fore-legs toothed.
Black scutellated Beetle, with three-horned thorax, the intermediate one emarginated, and an upright recurved bifid horn on the head.
Typhon.
Oliv. ins. coleopt. Scarab. p. 12. pl. 16. f. 152.
The Scarabæus Typhon is a native of India, and is represented on the plate in its natural size.
Rostrum convexum, curvatum, cultratum, magnum, extrorsum serratum: frontis calvaria nuda, osseo-gibbosa.
Nares pone rostri basin.
Lingua acuta, brevis.
Pedes gressorii.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Buceros subcristatus niger, abdomine albo, fronte ossea antrorsum macula nigra.
Le Calao à bec blanc.
Levaill. ois. nouv. pl. 14.
Speciem hanc, Indiæ incolam, novam esse nec antea descriptam opinatur Levaillant. Ab apice rostri ad extremum caudæ longa est quasi viginti uncias. De modo vivendi nihil compertum est.
I2
Bill very large, convex, curved, with a large bony frontal prominence: mandibles serrated, the serratures pointing outward.
Nostrils behind the base of the bill.
Tongue sharp, short.
Feet gressorial.
Subcristated black Hornbill, with white abdomen, and bony front with a black spot on the fore-part.
Le Calao à bec blanc.
Levaill. ois. nouv.
This bird Mons. Levaillant considers as a new species of the genus Buceros. It is a native of India, and measures about twenty inches from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail. Its manners and particular history are at present unknown.
Dentes validi: primores in aliis ordine simplici, in aliis duplici, triplici, vel quadruplici dispositi.
Molares (plerisque) validi, convexi, læves, in series dispositi, et quasi pavimentum in ore efformantes.
Labia crassa: opercula mutica, squamosa.
Sparus albidus, dorso violaceo, pinna caudali rubra, dorsali et anali apice rubris.
Lutianus Verres.
Bloch ichth. t. 255.
Docet Blochius in mari Japonico generari Sparum Verrem, dentibus primoribus magnis et curvatis in utraque maxilla sitis notabilem. In magnitudinem, ut plurimum, crescit decem seu duodecim unciarum. Cuinam vivendi modo se præcipue assuescat, incertum est.
r
Teeth strong: front teeth in some species disposed in a single row, in others in a double, treble, or quadruple row.
Grinders (in most species) convex, smooth, and disposed in ranges, forming a kind of pavement in the mouth.
Lips thick: gill-covers unarmed, smooth, scaly.
Whitish Sparus, with the back violet, the tail and tips of the dorsal and anal fin red.
Boar Sparus.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 414.
This fish is, according to Dr. Bloch, a native of the Japanese sea, and is remarkable for the large size and curvature of the front teeth in both jaws. Its general length is about ten or twelve inches, but its particular history seems to be in a great degree unknown.
Antennæ clavatæ; clava compressa latere latiore pectinato-fissili.
Maxillæ porrectæ, exsertæ, dentatæ.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Lucanus niger, maxillis exsertis dente medio validissimo, apice quadridentatis.
Lucanus Alces. L. mandibulis exsertis apice quadridentatis.
Fab. sp. ins. p. 1.
Olivier. entom. 1. p. 8.
Petiv. gazoph. t. 47. f. 15. caput.
Indiam incolit rara hæc Lucani species, et magnitudine vera in tabula depingitur.
r
Antennæ clavated, with compressed tip, divided into lamellæ on the inner side.
Jaws stretched forwards, exserted, and toothed.
Black Stag-Chaffer, with exserted jaws, furnished on the middle with a very strong tooth, and four-toothed at the tips.
The Elk-Horned Lucanus.
Black Indian Stag-Chaffer.
This rare species of Lucanus is a native of India, and is represented on the plate in its natural size.
Animal Limax.
Testa unilocularis, spiralis.
Apertura ecaudata, subeffusa.
Columella plicata, Labio Umbilicove nullo.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Voluta ventricosa trifasciata, albo fuscoque transversim varia, columella quadriplicata.
Voluta magnifica. V. testa ovali glabra ventricosa tumida, fasciis latis circumcincta, maculis fasciarum saturatioribus, anfractibus sex, apertura lunari amplissima ex croceo et aurantio infecta, apice obtuso papillari, basi emarginata, columella quadriplicata.
Chemn. 11. p. 8. t. 174, 175.
E plurimis speciebus quas continet genus Voluta, rarior et elegantior nulla est illa quam depinximus; quas in oceano pacifico australi generata, in Angliam illata est quo tempore circa orbem terrarum primum navigabat celeberrimus Cookius. In tabula nostra magnitudine circiter tertia parte deminuta exprimitur.
r
Animal resembling a Limax or Slug.
Shell unilocular, spiral.
Aperture somewhat spreading, simple.
Pillar wreathed or pleated.
Trifasciated ventricose Volute, with brown and white transverse variegations, and three-pleated pillar.
The magnificent Volute.
Great Southern variegated Volute.
The present shell may justly be numbered among the rarest and most elegant species of the numerous genus to which it belongs. It is a native of the Southern Pacific Ocean, and was brought into this country by the naturalists who accompanied Captain Cook in his first circumnavigation. The plate represents it about a third less than the natural size.
Rostrum rectum, convexum; mandibula superiore longiore, subincurvata, utrinque emarginata.
Lingua acuta, cartilaginea, bifida.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Ampelis Pompadora. A. purpurea, tectricibus alarum proximis ensiformibus elongatis carinatis nudis.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Cotinga purpurea.
Briss. av. 2. p. 347. t. 35. f. 1.
Turdus puniceus.
Pall. adumbr. 99.
Formosissimam hanc avem a Brissono primitus descriptam et depictam, generat America australis, paulo majorem Garrulo Linnæi seu Ampelide Europea. Testatur Vaillantus feminam a mari in hoc differre, quod pars superior multo magis infuscetur, cum inferior alba sit, purpureo suffusa.
K2
Bill strait, convex; the upper mandible rather longer, subincurvated, emarginated on each side near the tip.
Tongue sharp-pointed, cartilaginous, bifid.
Purple Chatterer, with white quill-feathers; the coverts nearest the body long, narrow, stiff, and ensiform.
The Pompadour Chatterer.
Edwards, pl. 341.
Le Cotinga Pacapaca.
Levaill. ois. amer. pl. 31.
This highly beautiful bird is a native of South America, and seems to have been first described and figured by the accurate Brisson. In size it is rather superior to the Ampelis Garrulus of Linnæus, or common European Chatterer. The female, according to Mons. Le Vaillant, differs in being of a much browner colour on the upper parts, and white, slightly tinged with purple, beneath.
Caput squamosum: maxillis utroque latere connexis.
Membr: branch: radiis decem.
Pinnæ pectorales maximæ, volatiles.
Exocoetus argenteo-cærulescens, pinnis ventralibus in medio abdominis.
Gen. Zool. 5. p. 146.
Exocoetus Mesogaster. E. pinnis ventralibus in æquilibrio.
Bloch. ichth. t. 399.
A congeneribus differt Exocoetus Mesogaster situ pinnarum ventralium. In maribus Americanis generatur, et ad longitudinem pertingit pedalem, vel etiam sesquipedalem.
r
Head scaly: jaws connected on each side.
Gill-Membrane ten-rayed.
Pectoral fins very large, giving the power of flight.
Silvery-blueish Flying-Fish, with the ventral fins situated on the middle of the abdomen.
American Flying-Fish.
Gen. Zool. 5. p. 146.
The Exocoetus Mesogaster differs from the rest of its congeners in the situation of the ventral fins. It is a native of the American seas, and grows to the length of twelve or eighteen inches.
Animal Limax.
Testa unilocularis, spiralis.
Apertura ecaudata, subeffusa.
Columella plicata.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Voluta subventricosa flavescens, maculis subquadratis transversis rufis, spira longitudinaliter striata, columella septemplicata.
Voluta Junonia. V. rarissima ovata lævis, maculis quadratis rufescentibus in fundo flavido seriatim stratis nitidissime tesselata et zonata, spira exserta striata, apice semigloboso, basi transversim striata, subemarginata, columella septemplicata.
Chemn. 11. p. 16. t. 177.
Rarissimam hanc speciem, in maribus, ut creditur, australibus innatam, jactant perpauca Musea Europea. Primus eam descripsisse videtur Dominus Favanne in opere conchyliologico Domini Argenville, quod auctius edidit. Tabula exprimit magnitudinem naturalem.
r
Animal resembling a Limax or Slug.
Shell unilocular, spiral.
Aperture somewhat spreading, simple.
Pillar wreathed or pleated.
Yellowish subventricose Volute, with squarish transverse rufous spots, longitudinally striated spire, and seven-pleated pillar.
Voluta Junonia.
Chemn. 11. p. 16. pl. 177.
Favanne Argenv.
This extremely rare species, which makes its appearance in but very few of the European cabinets, is supposed to be a native of the Southern Pacific, and seems to have been first described by Mons. Favanne, in his enlarged edition of Argenville’s Conchyliology. It is represented on the plate in its natural size.
Antennæ setaceæ, a basi ad apicem sensim attennatæ.
Alæ (sedentis) sæpius deflexæ, (volatu nocturno)
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Phalæna cinerea nigro reticulata, alis deflexis, thorace postice fascia atra.
Phalæna Cossus. P. (Bombyx) elinguis, alis deflexis nebulosis, thorace postice fascia, atra, antennis lamellatis.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
In maximis speciebus Britannicis numeranda Phalæna Cossus e larva exoritur cui facies nec jucunda nec elegans; quæque salictis, quorum in truncis præcipue delitescit, lignum exedendo pestifera est et exitiosa. Odorem præterea spargit teterrimum, quo arbores in quibus sibi sedem elegerit, dignosci possint. Quum ad tertium ætatis annum pervenerit larva, creditur in chrysalidem converti, plerumque mense Maio, postquam se tela seu theca valida e parvulis fibris ligneis suo ipsius glutine conjunctis involverit, cortici ut plurimum arboris inferiori affixa; unde mense Junio e r carcere sese liberat phalæna, e theca nempe protrusa chrysalide ope spiculorum fortium quibus annuli corporis armantur.
Nefas esset de hoc insecto disserenti silentio præterire eximium Lyonetti opus, qui de dissectione larvæ locutus, plures in illa numerat musculos quam in ipso humano corpore. Pari diligentia in singulis ipsius phalænæ partes anatomice inquisivit idem ingeniosus auctor.
r
Antennæ setaceous, gradually lessening from the base to the tip.
Wings (when sitting) generally deflected. Flight diurnal.
Grey Moth, with black reticulations, deflected wings, and a black stripe across the hind part of the thorax.
Great Willow-wood Moth.
Goat Moth.
Albin. ins. pl. 35.
Roes. ins. 1. Phal. Cl. 2. pl. 18.
The Phalæna Cossus or Goat Moth, one of the largest of the British Phalænæ, proceeds from a larva or caterpillar of an appearance rather disagreeable than elegant. It resides in the trunks of trees, more particularly of willows; feeding on the wood, and committing great ravages in districts where it abounds. It diffuses a highly unpleasing scent, by which its residence may frequently be known in passing by such trees as are much infested by it. It is generally supposed v to arrive at its third year before it changes to a chrysalis, which usually takes place in the month of May, the animal first enveloping itself in a strong web or covering, formed of particles of wood united by a strong gluten: this web is usually affixed to the bark of the lower part of the tree; and from it, in the month of June, proceeds the complete insect, the chrysalis forcing its way through the web by the assistance of the strong spiculæ with which its segments are surrounded.
It would be unpardonable, in giving the history of this insect, to omit mentioning the celebrated publication of Lyonett, relative to the anatomy of its caterpillar, which, according to that author, is furnished with a far greater number of muscles than the human body itself. The same writer afterwards pursued his researches with equal diligence into the anatomy of the complete insect.
Rostrum rectum, convexum; mandibula superiore longiore, subincurvata, utrinque emarginata.
Lingua acuta, cartilaginea, bifida.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Ampelis Cotinga. A. nitidissima cærulea, subtus purpurea, alis caudaque nigris.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Cotinga.
Brisson av. 2. p. 340.
Omnium congenerum splendidissima est Ampelis Cotinga, eadem magnitudine qua Ampelis Pompadora: easdem etiam regiones Americanas incolit. Coloribus interdum insigniter variat.
L2
Bill strait, convex; upper mandible rather longer, subincurvated, emarginated on each side near the tip.
Tongue sharp-pointed, cartilaginous, bifid.
Brilliant blue Chatterer, purple beneath, with black wings and tail.
Le Cotinga du Bresil.
Pl. Enl. 186.
Purple-Breasted Manakin.
Edw. pl. 241.
This, which is the most splendid of the whole genus to which it belongs, is of similar size with the Ampelis Pompadora, and inhabits the same regions. In colour it occasionally varies considerably.
Dentes validi; Primores in aliis ordine simplici, in aliis duplici, triplici, vel quadruplici dispositi.
Molares (plerisque) validi, convexi, læves, in series dispositi, et quasi pavimentum in ore efformantes.
Labia crassa: Opercula mutica, squamosa.
Sparus subruber, fasciis semidecurrentibus nigris, abdomine subalbente, macula utrinque fusca.
Lutianus Surinamensis.
Bloch ichth. t. 253.
Sparus Surinamensis.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 458.
Maria incolit Americana Sparus Surinamensis, longitudine decem vel duodecim uncias æquans.
r
Teeth strong: Front-teeth in some species disposed in a single row, in others in a double, treble, or quadruple row.
Grinders (in most species) convex, smooth, and disposed in ranges, forming a kind of pavement in the mouth.
Lips thick: Gill-covers unarmed, smooth, scaly.
Reddish Spare, with black semidecurrent bands, and whitish abdomen with a black spot on each side.
Der Steinkahlskopf.
Bloch. ichth. pl. 253.
Surinam Sparus.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 458.
This fish is a native of the American seas, measuring about ten or twelve inches in length.
Antennæ apicem versus crassiores, sæpius clavato-capitatæ.
Alæ (sedentis) erectæ sursumque conniventes. (Volatu diurno.)
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 744.
Papilio Piera. P. alis oblongis integerrimis hyalinis diaphanis, posticis ocellis binis.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Mer. Sur. t. 16.
Roes. Append. t. 6.
Surinamiam incolit Papilio Piera, ubi larva ejus, testante Domina Merian, folia Anacardii occidentalis depascitur.
r
Antennæ commonly thickening towards the end into a clavated tip.
Wings (when at rest) meeting upwards. Flight diurnal.
Butterfly with oblong, entire, transparent wings; the lower pair marked by two ocellated spots.
Mer. Sur. pl. 16.
Roes. Append. pl. 6.
This insect is a native of Surinam, where its larva or caterpillar, according to Madam Merian, feeds on the leaves of the Anacardium occidentale or American Cashew.
Animal Medusa.
Corallium cavitatibus lamelloso-stellatis.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Madrepora dichotoma, ramis distinctis divaricatis, stellis terminalibus turbinatis; axillaribus compressis; centris dilatatis exesis.
Soland. et Ellis Zooph. p. 153. t. 13. f. 5.
Maria incolit Indica Madrepora axillaris, et magnitudine vera in tabula depingitur.
r
Animal allied to a Medusa.
Coral marked by radiating lamellar cavities.
Dichotomous Madrepore, with distinct divaricated branches; the axillary stars compressed; the terminal ones turbinated; with dilated and excavated centres.
Madrepora axillaris.
Soland. et Ellis Zooph. p. 153. pl. 13. f. 5.
The present species of Madrepore is an inhabitant of the Indian seas, and is represented on the plate in its natural size.
Rostrum rectum, convexum; mandibula superiore longiore, subincurvata, utrinque emarginata.
Lingua acuta, cartilaginea, bifida.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Ampelis nitidissima cærulea, subtus purpurea, maculis fulvo-coccineis.
Ampelis Cotinga. Var.?
Edwards av. t. 340.
Levaill. Ois. Amer. pl. 42.
Credi solitum est formosissimam hanc avem eandem esse atque Ampelidem Cotingam Linnæi, nisi quod masculini sit generis. Opinatur tamen Levaillant, vir scientia ornithologica clarissimus, varietatem esse istius avis; cum qua congruit et magnitudine et natali solo.
M2
Bill strait, convex: upper mandible rather longer, subincurvated, emarginated on each side near the tip.
Tongue cartilaginous, sharp-pointed, bifid.
Brilliant blue Chatterer, deep purple beneath, varied with fulvous-crimson spots.
Purple-Breasted Chatterer. Var.?
The highly elegant and rare bird represented on the present plate, has been generally considered as the male of the Ampelis Cotinga, or Purple-Breasted Chatterer. Mons. Levaillant, however, so well known for his extensive information, is inclined to consider it as constituting at least a remarkable variety, if not a distinct species. It inhabits the same regions with the former kind.
Antennæ setaceæ, a basi ad apicem sensim attenuatæ.
Alæ (sedentis) sæpius deflexæ (volatu diurno).
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Phalæna (Bombyx) elinguis, alis reversis griseis, strigis duabus cinereis, puncto albo triangulari.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 814.
Merian Ins. Europ. t. 22.
Frisch Ins. 10. t. 10.
Rarior longe in Britannia quam in reliqua omni Europa Phalæna Pini folia depascitur pinorum et abietum. Mense Junio, postquam tela sese tenui et quasi ovata involverit, in chrysalidem convertitur; e qua insequente Julio erumpit insectum plene formatum.
r
Antennæ setaceous, gradually lessening from base to tip.
Wings (when sitting) often deflex. Flight diurnal.
Tongueless Moth, with reversed grey wings, with two cinereous streaks, and a triangular white speck.
Merian. Eur. Ins. pl. 22.
Roes. Ins. 1. pl. 59.
This insect, which is much more common in other European regions than in our own country, feeds, during its caterpillar state, on the leaves of Pine and Fir trees, and changes into a chrysalis in the month of June, first enveloping itself in a loose oval web; and the Moth makes its appearance in July.
Oculi ambo in eodem latere capitis.
Corpus compressum, latere altero dorsum, altero abdomen referente.
Pleuronectes albidus, maculis rotundis flavis cæruleo marginatis.
Pleuronectes Argus. P. corpore vario, pinna caudæ rotundata.
Bloch. t. 48.
Passer oculatus.
Plumier. Mss.
Maria incolit Americana Pleuronectes Argus, in longitudinem pedalem vel sesquipedalem crescens.
r
Eyes both on the same side of the head.
Body compressed; one side representing the back, the other the abdomen.
Whitish Flounder, with round yellow spots margined with blue.
Argus Flounder.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 319.
The Argus Flounder is an inhabitant of the American seas, and grows to the length of twelve or eighteen inches.
Antennæ apicem versus crassiores, sæpius clavato-capitatæ.
Alæ (sedentis) erectæ sursumque conniventes. (Volatu diurno).
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Papilio Rhamni. P. alis integerrimis angulatis flavis: singulis puncto fulvo, subtus, ferrugineo.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Degeer. Ins. 1. t. 15.
Roes. Ins. 3. t. 46.
Folia Rhamni cathartici præcipue depascitur larva hujus papilionis, et in chrysalidem mense Maio convertitur, e qua mense Junio erumpit Papilio.
r
Antennæ commonly thickening towards the end into a clavated tip.
Wings (when at rest) meeting upwards. Flight diurnal.
Butterfly with yellow, entire, angulated wings, with a fulvous spot on each, beneath ferruginous.
The Buckthorn Butterfly.
The Brimstone Butterfly.
The caterpillar of the elegant insect represented on the present plate, feeds principally on the leaves of Buckthorn, changing into a chrysalis in May, and giving birth to the Butterfly in June.
Rostrum trigonum, crassum, rectum, longum.
Lingua carnosa, brevissima, plana, acuta.
Pedes gressorii plerisque.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 178.
Alcedo submacroura ferruginea, alis cauda dorsoque viridi-cæruleis, rostro rubro.
Alcedo Smyrnensis. A. macroura ferruginea, alis cauda dorsoque viridibus.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 181.
In variis Asiæ Africæque partibus conspicitur hæc species, inter majores hujus generis numeranda; longitudine decem vel undecim uncias longitudine æquans.
N2
Bill trigonal, thick, strait, long.
Tongue fleshy, very short, flat, sharp-pointed.
Feet gressorial.
Longish-tailed ferruginous Kingfisher, with blue-green wings, back, and tail, and red bill.
Smyrna Kingfisher.
Lath. Syn. p. 615.
Great Gambia Kingfisher.
Edwards, pl. 8.
Le Martin-pecheur bleu et roux.
Buff. ois. 7. p. 182.
This beautiful bird is a native of many parts of Asia and Africa, and may be considered as one of the larger Kingfishers; measuring about ten or eleven inches in length.
Habitus Percæ.
Opercula squamosa, aculeata.
Squamæ (pluribus) læves.
Bodianus ruber, abdomine argenteo, operculis unispinosis, cauda lunata.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 570.
Bodianus Aya. B. aculeo ad operculum, pinna caudæ lunata.
Bloch. ichth. 7. t. 227.
Lacus incolit Brasilienses Bodianus Aya, inter congeneres forte pulcherrimus. In longitudinem tripedalem crescit, et in cibis habetur delicatioribus.
r
Habit of the genus Perca.
Gill-Covers aculeated.
Scales (in most species) smooth.
Red Bodian, with silvery abdomen, single-spined gill-covers, and lunated tail.
Bodianus Aya.
Bloch. ichth. pl. 227.
Acara Aya.
Will. ichth. p. 329. pl. x. 7. f. 6.
The fish here represented is an inhabitant of the Brasilian lakes, and is, perhaps, the most beautiful of its congeners. It grows to the length of three feet, and is considered as a very delicate article of food.
Animal Limax.
Testa unilocularis, spiralis.
Apertura ecaudata, subeffusa.
Columella plicata.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Voluta Indica. V. testa elongata flava, fasciis tribus macularum fuscarum, columella quadriplicata.
Lin. Gmel. p. 3467.
Cymbium basi coarctata luteum, quadruplici ordine macularum nigrescentium fasciatum, quadriplicatum.
Martini conch. 3. t. 72. f. 772. 773.
In maribus Indicis generatur rara hæc Volutæ species, et magnitudine vera in tabula exprimitur.
r
Animal resembling a Limax or Slug.
Shell unilocular, spiral.
Aperture somewhat spreading, simple.
Pillar wreathed or pleated.
Yellowish oblong Volute, with three bands of irregular brown spots, and four-pleated pillar.
Couronne ethiopique mouchetée.
Knorr. Vergn. 5. pl. 8. f. 1.
The Spotted Indian Volute.
This rare species of Volute is an inhabitant of the Indian seas, and is figured on the annexed plate in its natural size.
Antennæ apicem versus crassiores, sæpius clavato-capitatæ.
Alæ (sedentis) erectæ sursumque conniventes, (volatu diurno.)
Lin. Syst. Nat.
Papilio antennis setaceis, alis fuscis luteo striatis stria media latiore, posticis ocellato-caudatis.
Papilio Ægisthus. P. alis fusco luteoque undulatis, ocellis caudalibus subternis.
Lin. Gmel. p. 2240.
Phalæna Lunus. P. (A.) seticornis spirilinguis, alis caudatis fusco luteoque undulatis, ocellis caudalibus subternis.
Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 810.
Papilio Empedocles.
Cramer. t. 199.
Papilio Lunus.
Cramer. t. 200.?
Surinamiam incolit Papilio Empedocles, et magnitudine vera in tabula depingitur.
Antennæ thickening towards the end, and commonly terminating in a clavated tip.
Wings (when at rest) meeting upwards. (Flight diurnal.)
Butterfly with setaceous antennæ, brown wings with luteous streams, the middle streak broadest; the lower wings eye-tailed.
Papilio Empedocles.
Cram. t. 199.
Papilio Ægisthus.
Lin. Gmel.
Phalæna Lunus.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
This insect is a native of Surinam, and is represented on the plate in its natural size.
| Pl. | |
|---|---|
| 802. | Acanthurus Chirurgus. |
| 793. | Alcedo leucocephala. |
| 825. | —— Smyrnensis. |
| 813. | Ampelis Pompadora. |
| 817. | —— Cotinga. |
| 821. | —— superba. |
| 792. | Aphrodita cirrhosa. |
| 796. | Brachionus aculeatus. |
| 826. | Bodianus Aya. |
| 799. | Buccinum subulatum. |
| 809. | Buceros albirostris. |
| 797. | Certhia gutturalis. |
| 782. | Cephalus brevis. |
| 800. | Chætodon Teira. |
| 781. | Coracias varia. |
| 785. | Columba aromatica. |
| 814. | Exocoetus mesogaster. |
| 790. | Fistularia Chinensis. |
| 784. | Gryllus nasutus. |
| 788. | —— squarrosus. |
| 786. | Labrus trimaculatus. |
| 811. | Lucanus Alces. |
| 820. | Madrepora axillaris. |
| 783. | Papilio Adippe. |
| 787. | —— Amphinome. |
| 791. | —— Cassiæ. |
| 804. | —— Androgeus. |
| 806. | —— Spondiæ. |
| 819. | —— Piera. |
| 824. | —— Rhamni. |
| 828. | —— Empedocles. |
| 816. | Phalæna Cossus. |
| 822. | —— Pini. |
| 823. | Pleuronectes Argus. |
| 789. | Psittacus infuscatus. |
| 808. | Scarabæus Typhon. |
| 794. | Scarus Cretensis. |
| 807. | Sparus falcatus. |
| 810. | —— Verres. |
| 818. | —— Surinamensis. |
| 803. | Sphinx populi. |
| 795. | —— satellitia. |
| 801. | Strix larvata. |
| 805. | Sturnus subroseus. |
| 798. | Tubularia ramosa. |
| 812. | Voluta magnifica. |
| 815. | —— Junonia. |
| 827. | —— Indica. |
| Pl. | |
|---|---|
| 802. | Acanthurus lancet-tailed. |
| 792. | Aphrodita cirrhated. |
| 808. | Beetle Typhon. |
| 826. | Bodian Aya. |
| 796. | Brachionus aculeated. |
| 799. | Buccinum subulate. |
| 783. | Butterfly Adippe. |
| 787. | —— Amphinome. |
| 791. | —— Cassia. |
| 804. | —— Androgeus. |
| 806. | —— single-spotted. |
| 819. | —— talc-winged. |
| 824. | —— buckthorn. |
| 828. | —— Empedocles. |
| 800. | Chætodon long-finned. |
| 813. | Chatterer Pompadour. |
| 817. | —— purple-breasted. |
| 821. | —— superb. |
| 797. | Creeper purple-throated. |
| 790. | Fistularia Chinese. |
| 823. | Flounder Argus. |
| 814. | Flying-Fish middle-finned. |
| 809. | Hornbill white-beaked. |
| 825. | Kingfisher Smyrna. |
| 793. | —— white-headed. |
| 786. | Labrus trimaculated. |
| 784. | Locust long-fronted. |
| 788. | —— triple-spined. |
| 820. | Madrepore axillary. |
| 816. | Moth Goat. |
| 822. | —— pine. |
| 801. | Owl masked. |
| 789. | Parrot dusky. |
| 785. | Pigeon aromatic. |
| 781. | Roller pied. |
| 794. | Scarus Cretan. |
| 810. | Sparus boar-tusked. |
| 807. | —— falcated. |
| 818. | —— Surinam. |
| 795. | Sphinx double-pointed. |
| 803. | —— poplar. |
| 782. | Sun-Fish short. |
| 811. | Stag-Chaffer elk-horned. |
| 805. | Stare subrosaceous. |
| 798. | Tubularia twisted. |
| 812. | Volute magnific. |
| 815. | —— Junonian. |
| 827. | —— Indian. |
Printed by B. M‘Millan,
Bow Street, Covent Garden.
Volume 19 of the Naturalist’s Miscellany was published in twelve monthly installments, conjecturally from September 1807 through August 1808. It is “conjecturally” because there has not been a full month-and-year date since the third installment of Volume 13 (November 1801), and no date at all since the fourth installment of Volume 17 (“1805”, probably December). Worse yet, the first visible date in the present volume is “1807”—at the end of the sixth installment, which cannot be earlier than February 1808.
Each installment is 16 pages.
[B]; C; D; E; F (January 1808); G; H; I; K; L; M; N
Midway through this volume, at the end of installment 7 (conjecturally, March 1808), the printer finally and decisively threw out his ct ligatures. And high time, too.
In the final installment, three of four plates are engraved with the wrong number—in fact, with numbers that would have fit the previous installment. Plate 825 is engraved “821”; 826 engraved “822”; Plate 828 engraved “824”. All are correct in the Index.
may be Cracticus cassicus, the hooded butcherbird. It lives in New Guinea.
is now Mola mola (by way of Linnaeus’s Tetraodon mola), the giant sunfish or ocean sunfish. It lives around most coasts, but especially Europe, North America and Australia. Look at Shaw’s picture—or at any current photograph—and you will see that the English names “short” and “giant” are not really contradictory.
This fish grows to a very great size
[If anything, the description is an understatement. Animal Diversity says it is “the largest bony fish, measuring up to 3.1m in length, 4.26m in height, and weighing up to 2235kg”.]
If only Shaw had been talking about Denis & Shiffermuller’s P. adippe (1775), which Linnaeus called P. cydippe! That one is now Argynnis adippe (often referenced as Fabriciana adippe), the high brown fritillary; it lives in Europe. But it is by no means certain that this is the same butterfly as Linnaeus’s original P. adippe.
is now Truxalis nasuta. It is most common around the western Mediterranean.
is probably the subspecies Treron pompadora aromaticus, the Buru green pigeon. As the name indicates, it lives on Buru, which is one of the Moluccas. The species as a whole extends from South to Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.
is now Labrus mixtus (Linnaeus’s name), the cuckoo wrasse. It lives around the coasts of western Europe, especially the British Isles.
is now Hamadryas amphinome, the red cracker. (Really.) It lives in south and central America.
is now Rutidoderes squarrosus. The family to which it belongs, Pyrgomorphidae, is known collectively as “gaudy grasshoppers”. You can see why.
may be Pionus fuscus, the dusky or violaceous parrot. It lives in South America.
Lath. ind. orn.
[From here on, references to Latham’s Index Ornithologicus will generally not include a page number.]
is now Aulostomus chinensis, the Chinese trumpetfish. In spite of the name, it is scattered around most tropical-to-subtropical oceans.
is probably, but not certainly, Opsiphanes cassiae. It lives in South and Central America.
is now Gattyana cirrhosa. It lives along most northern coasts, especially around the British Isles.
Lin. Syst. Nat. Gmel.
[As with Latham, references to Linnaeus will increasingly often leave out the page number. George Shaw will eventually die in harness, leaving the final volume of the Miscellany unfishished—but that’s almost six years in the future.]
is probably Halcyon leucocephala, the grey-headed kingfisher. It lives in subsaharan Africa.
is now Sparisoma cretense, the parrotfish. It lives around the Mediterranean and west Africa.
Gen. Zool. 4. p. 393.
[Volume number missing (in both Latin and English).]
is probably Eumorpha satellitia, the satellite sphinx. It lives in the Americas, especially Central America.
Unknown, though it’s probably a rotifer. Some sources suggest it may be a variant of B. angularis (1851). If so, it is most common in Europe.
[Plate 796]
[This makes two full calendar years (1806, 1807) in which I haven’t been able to find a single date. Well, maybe there wasn’t room, since Plate 796 is also this volume’s token Weirdly Undersized Plate.]
much resembles that of the Vorticella rotatoria or Wheel-Animal
[This only muddies the waters. Genus Vorticella is today limited to “bell animalcules”, which—in spite of their name—are not animals at all, but chromists. There is also a genus Rotatoria, now regularized to Rotaria, which puts us back among the rotifers.]
may be the subspecies Chalcomitra senegalensis gutturalis, where C. senegalensis is the scarlet-chested sunbird. This seems to be the same bird that was formerly known as Cinnyris gutturalis. If so, Shaw’s sources are entirely wrong about its provenance; the species as a whole is African, while the subspecies is scattered around southern Africa.
is now Eudendrium ramosum, the stick hydroid. It is not a coralline—which would have made it a plant—but a cnidarian. It is scattered along most coasts.
is now Terebra subulata, the chocolate spotted auger. It lives mainly in the Indian and south Pacific oceans.
Lin. Syst. Nat.
text has Lyn.
[This exact error has shown up several times before, and will show up several times again. It can hardly be attributed to illegible handwriting, so we will have to call it a brain fart.]
is now Platax teira, the batfish. It lives mainly in the Indian and south Pacific oceans.
If it really is just a variety of Latham’s S. perspicillata, it is now Pulsatrix perspicillata. It lives in South and Central America.
The name, incidentally, gives us the word larva in one of its original, classical senses: an actor’s mask. Daudin’s Strix personata is semantically similar.
varietas esse possit Strigis perspicillatæ Lathami
text has perspillatæ
[The English side has the expected spelling.]
is also known as the black doctorfish. (I was frankly surprised that Shaw didn’t call it “the surgical acanthurus”. Another pre-ICZN name was Acanthurus phlebotomus.) It lives along the Atlantic coast of the Americas, including the Caribbean.
Since Shaw does not deign to explain why these fishes are called doctors, surgeons, bloodletters (A. phlebotomus) or unspecified lancet-wielders, I had to look it up for myself. They are named for the sharp spines at the base of the tail. One website explains reassuringly that they won’t hurt you unless you bother them.
The reason . . . has been already explained
[In the description of Acanthurus velifer at Plate 547 of Volume 14. In fact Forsskål’s genus Acanthurus (“common surgeonfishes”) was defined some dozen years before Bloch named the doctorfish Chætodon chirurgus.]
is now Laothoe populi, the poplar hawkmoth. It lives in Europe.
Cramer’s P. androgeus is also known as the Androgeus swallowtail. Linnaeus’s P. polydamas is now Battus polydamas, the gold-rim swallowtail. Both live in South and Central America. The only P. peranthus I can find is not Cramer but Fabricius; it still has that binomial, making it a third swallowtail. Unlike the first two, it lives in Indonesia, especially Java.
[Plate 804] 1807
[Uh-oh. Unless the publisher has been doubling up, the earliest it can possibly be is February 1808. Can we stipulate that this plate was originally planned for an earlier installment—it’s pretty unusual to have two separate articles, with two separate plates, featuring different lepidopterans—and only the number was changed? In the alternative, Richard Nodder engraved it in 1807, giving no thought to publication date, and came back later to fill in the plate number.]
If it is the same bird as Latham’s Turdus pagodarum, and if Latham got the name from Gmelin, it is probably Sturnia pagodarum, the brahminy starling. It lives in South Asia.
Unidentified. The plant Spondias lutea seems to be more popular with moth caterpillars, notably the hog caterpillar.
is now Bodianus rufus (by way of Linnaeus’s Labrus rufus), the dogfish. It lives in the Caribbean and along the Atlantic coast of the Americas. In earlier volumes we met two different fishes that Shaw assigned to genus Bodianus but which are now classified elsewhere. So this reassigment into the genus seems only fair. But see Sparus Verres in the next installment.
is now Megasoma gyas (by way of Scarabaeus gyas), one of the rhinoceros beetles. The genus as a whole is most common in Central America.
With the ending of this installment we bid a final, much-overdue farewell to the ct ligature. It is present in the Character Specificus (larger type), absent in the descriptive prose (smaller type):
is probably Anthracoceros albirostris, the Oriental pied hornbill, with naming credit to Shaw. It lives in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.
If it is the same fish as Bloch’s Lutianus (or Lutjanus) verres, it is now . . . Bodianus rufus, the dogfish, again. And if so, it lives in the Caribbean and along the Atlantic coast of South America.
is probably Odontolabis alces, the moose beetle. It lives in the Philippines.
Under the original Lucanus name, the Stag-Chaffer or Moose Beetle caught the fancy of glass sculptor Wesley Fleming.
is probably Cymbiola magnifica. It lives along the west coast of Australia.
Columella plicata, Labio Umbilicove nullo.
text has nyllo
albo fuscoque transversim varia, columella quadriplicata.
. missing
maculis fasciarum saturatioribus
text has satturatioribus
[Is the printer in a hurry to finish this installment?]
If it is the same bird as Pallas’s Turdus puniceus, it is probably Xipholena punicea, the pompadour cotinga. It lives in South America.
described and figured by the accurate Brisson
[That would be the same Brisson who made a habit of publishing detailed descriptions based purely on a single drawing of a bird he had never personally seen: see the Chinese Cuckow, Plate 277 of Volume 8, the Red-Headed Bee-Eater, Plate 357 of Volume 10, and the Thibetian Peacock, Plate 441 of Volume 11.]
is now Parexocoetus mento, the African flying fish. (There must have been something seriously wrong with Bloch’s name, since the official one is fully half a century newer.) In spite of its English name, it is most often seen around Australia and Indonesia.
is now Scaphella junonia, Juno’s volute. It lives around the Caribbean.
stratis nitidissime tesselata et zonata
text has tessulata
is now Cossus cossus. It lives mainly in western Europe.
a larva or caterpillar of an appearance rather disagreeable than elegant
[Took the words right out of my mouth. It looks even more revolting in photographs.]
is furnished with a far greater number of muscles
text has furnished / ed without hyphen at line break
is probably Cotinga cotinga, the purple-breasted cotinga. It lives in South America.
is now Geophagus surinamensis, the mother-of-pearl eartheater. It lives in the rivers of South America.
Reddish Spare
[This English spelling will crop up a couple of times in this and the following volume, but will never dislodge the usual “Sparus”.]
is now Haetera piera, the amber phantom. It lives in South America. (Genus Haetera was proposed by Fabricius in 1807, or approximately five minutes before this installment of the Miscellany was compiled. The early years saw an assortment of misspellings, predictably including Hetera and Hetaera.)
is now Cyathelia axellaris. It lives around most Asian islands, from Japan to Indonesia.
Uncertain. 19th-century sources tend to equate it with Ampelis cincta or Cotinga cincta, the banded chatterer, also unidentified. (The banded cotinga, for what it’s worth, is C. maculata.) If it is Ampelis cotinga after all, that takes us back to Cotinga cotinga in the previous installment.
is now Dendrolimus pini, the pine-tree lappet. It lives in western Europe.
Antennæ setaceæ, a basi ad apicem sensim attenuatæ.
text has attennatæ
[This exact typographical error has cropped up several times in the past. In addition to the n-for-u substitution—a sufficient excuse on its own—there is the nearby “Antennæ” to create further confusion.]
(volatu diurno).
text unchanged: error for nocturno
Flight diurnal.
text unchanged: error for nocturnal
[The matching errors in both Latin and English point to a brain fart on the part of the author. Stereotypy was several decades away, so keeping the individual parts of a description set in type was more trouble than it was worth.]
is now Bothus lunatus (by way of Pleuronectes lunatus), the flounder. Apparently Bloch didn’t realize that he and Linnaeus were talking about the same fish. It lives in the tropical-to-subtropical parts of the Atlantic.
Passer oculatus.
[Nice try, Plumier, but Passer was established as a bird genus (Old World sparrows) already in 1760.]
is now Gonepteryx rhamni, the brimstone. The colorist goofed; it is light green and looks exactly like a leaf. It lives all over Europe.
The caterpillar of the elegant insect represented
word “the” missing
is now Halcyon smyrnensis, the white-throated kingfisher. It lives in the southern parts of Asia, including but not limited to South Asia.
[Plate 825]
[The plate number is engraved “821”, but is indexed correctly.]
Le Martin-pecheur bleu et roux.
[Buffon probably said “bleu et rouge”. But Shaw doesn’t specify what edition he was working from, so I couldn’t find the passage.]
Unknown. (GBIF lists the species as “accepted”, but I don’t believe them). Is it possible he got it mixed up with B. apua (now Mycteroperca venenosa) from the previous volume?
[Plate 826]
[The plate number is engraved “822”, but is indexed correctly.]
inter congeneres forte pulcherrimus
text has pucherrimus
Will. ichth. p. 329.
text has icth.
is now Melo melo (by way of Voluta melo). It ranges from South to Southeast Asia.
is probably Nothus empedocles. The genus as a whole lives in South America.
The P. aegisthus listed among synonyms is an entirely different insect, now Graphium agamemnon, the green-spotted triangle butterfly. Phalaena lunus is not as far-fetched as one would think; it is now Nothus lunus, in the same genus as the Empedocles. (Why Linnaeus thought it was a moth is anyone’s guess. More often he was wrong in the other direction, classifying a diurnal moth as a butterfly.)
[Plate 828]
[The plate number is engraved “824”, but is indexed correctly.]
789. Psittacus infuscatus.
text has 769
813. Chatterer Pompadour.
text has 797
The original of this text is in the public domain—at least in the U.S.
My notes are copyright, as are all under-the-hood elements.
If in doubt, ask.
